Understanding Endometriosis: What Every Woman Should Know

Endometriosis is a common but often misunderstood condition affecting around 1 in 9 Australian women and those assigned female at birth by the age of 44. Despite how common it is, many people experience symptoms for years before receiving a diagnosis. In this blog, Dr Khan shares helpful information about endometriosis, including common symptoms, why diagnosis can take time, and when it may be important to speak with your GP.

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. This tissue can develop on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, bladder, or other areas within the pelvis.

Like the lining of the uterus, this tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. However, because it sits outside the uterus, it cannot leave the body during menstruation. This can lead to inflammation, irritation, and sometimes scar tissue (adhesions).

Endometriosis affects everyone differently. Some people experience severe symptoms that significantly impact their daily lives, while others may have mild symptoms or none at all.

Common symptoms of Endometriosis

Symptoms can vary, but common signs include:

• Painful periods that interfere with daily activities
• Pelvic pain outside of menstruation
• Pain during or after sexual intercourse
• Pain with bowel movements or urination
• Heavy or irregular periods
• Bloating, nausea, or fatigue
• Difficulty becoming pregnant

Many people assume that severe period pain is normal, but pain that affects your ability to work, study, or carry out everyday activities should be discussed with a GP.

Why diagnosis can take time

One of the challenges with endometriosis is that it can take several years for people to receive a diagnosis. Symptoms may sometimes be mistaken for other conditions or dismissed as normal menstrual pain.

A GP will usually begin with:

• A discussion about symptoms and menstrual history
• A physical examination if appropriate
• Imaging such as an ultrasound
• Referral to a gynaecologist if further investigation is required

In some cases, laparoscopic surgery may be required to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment and Management Options

While there is currently no cure for endometriosis, there are a number of treatments that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Management options may include:

• Pain relief medications
• Hormonal treatments to help control symptoms
• Lifestyle and dietary adjustments
• Pelvic physiotherapy
• Referral to a specialist if further treatment is required

Because endometriosis affects people in different ways, treatment plans are tailored to each individual depending on their symptoms, lifestyle, and health goals.

When should you see your GP?

If you are experiencing persistent pelvic pain, severe period pain, or symptoms that interfere with daily life, it is important to seek medical advice.

Early assessment can help identify potential causes of symptoms and ensure appropriate support and treatment options are explored.

If you have concerns about your menstrual health or symptoms that may be related to endometriosis, speaking with your GP is an important first step.